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The Schoolhouse Door: Segregations Last Stand at the University of Alabama

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The Schoolhouse Door: Segregations Last Stand at the University of Alabama

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作 者:E. Culpepper Clark

出 版 社:Oxford University Press, USA

出版时间:1995-06-08

I S B N:9780195096583

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"This is a book about threats, intimidation, courage, perseverance, and the morality of an old and rotten way of life finally giving way. The story moves from the national politics of the Kennedy's confrontations with George Wallace to Wallace's artfully orchestrated public surrender and the impact of the transformation of the base of the Democratic Party in the Southern states as a result. This is a story of high drama about the human spirit and how Lucy's religious faith sustained her through the turmoil and racist threats. The author's research is carefully documented and his access to Lucy is evident. More important, the author clearly identifies the forces of racism, anti-democracy and ignorance. He names names, he discloses the betrayals, and he pierces the hypocrisies of the politicians and leaders who failed."--Nashville Banner"Clark charts Wallace's rise to power from 1957 onward, and offers day-by-day insight into goings-on within the Kennedy administration....Engaging and upbeat, and [Clarke's] case that events at the University of Alabama amounted to a microcosm of the civil rights struggle is strong indeed."--Booklist"All but impossible to put down, this remarkable study recalls the high drama of the days when the human spirit at its best met the human spirit at its worst at 'the schoolhouse door.' Rarely have I seen a more effective blend of analytical rigor and masterful storytelling than this book presents."--James C. Cobb, The University of Tennessee, author of The Most Southern Place on Earth"This readable, minutely detailed chronicle adds to the histories of the era."--Publishers Weekly"Clark exposes the [University of Alabama's] hateful and ill-considered responses to the crisis of racial integration that began there....His accounting of how Alabama came to occupy a special place in the demise of both segregation and states' rights deserves a close reading."--Library Journal"Clark tells [his] story with imagination and flair, leaving his reader with the satisfying sense of having examined that series of episodes from many angles and of having developed a deep appreciation for the numerous conflicting impulses inherent in that highly charged atmosphere....Clark writes with force and with clarity....Many of Clark's descriptions are unforgettable....The Schoolhouse Door is a solid contribution to this nation's on-going attempt to comprehend its racial dilemmas. Thoroughly researched, carefully crafted, well-written and insightful..."--The Alabama Review"[A] splendid book...The first scholarly, book-length treatment of the desegregation of a southern university, The Schoolhouse Door is much more than ordinary scholarship. E Culpepper Clark tells a powerful story....The writing is accessible, engaging, and more than occasionally eloquent."--History of Education Quarterly"Schoolhouse Door is exhaustively researched and exceptionally well written. It is an important addition to the growing literature on civil rights history and mandatory reading for graduate students and specialists. Clark conducted over fifty-six relevant interviews that he has vividly and gracefully woven into his narrative. Because he has placed his account so thoroughly within the larger historical events the book would also be useful for undergraduate seminars in recent U.S. history."--History

内容简介

On June 11, 1963, in a dramatic gesture that caught the nation s attention, Governor George Wallace physically blocked the entrance to Foster Auditorium on the University of Alabama s campus. His intent was to defy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, sent on behalf of the Kennedy administration to force Alabama to accept court-ordered desegregation. After a tense confrontation, President Kennedy federalized the Alabama National Guard and Wallace backed down, allowing Vivian Malone and James Hood to become the first African Americans to enroll successfully at their state s flagship university. That night, John F. Kennedy went on television to declare civil rights a "moral issue" and to commit his administration to this cause. That same night, Medgar Evers was shot dead. In The Schoolhouse Door, E. Culpepper Clark provides a riveting account of the events that led to Wallace s historic stand, tracing a tangle of intrigue and resistance that stretched from the 1940s, when the university rejected black applicants outright, to the post-Brown v. Board of Education era. We are there in July 1955 when Thurgood Marshall and lawyers at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund win for Autherine Lucy and "all similarly situated" the right to enroll at the university. We are in the car with Lucy in February 1956 as university officials escort her to class, shielding her from a mob jeering "Lynch the nigger," "Keep Bama white," and "hit the nigger whore." (After only three days, these demonstrations resulted in Lucy s expulsion.) Clark exposes the many means, including threats and intimidation, used by university and state officials to discourage black applicants following the Lucy episode. And he explains how University of Alabama president Frank Anthony Rose eventually cooperated with the Kennedy administration to ensure a smooth transition toward desegregation. We also witness Robert Kennedy s remarkable face-to-face plea for Wallace s cooperation and the governor s adamant refusal: "I will never submit voluntarily to any integration in a school system in Alabama." As Clark writes, Wallace s carefully orchestrated surrender would leave the forces of white supremacy free to fight another day. And the Kennedys public embrace of the civil rights movement would set in motion a political transformation that changed the presidential base of the Democratic party for the next thirty years. In these pages, full of courageous black applicants, fist-shaking demonstrators, and powerful politicians, Clark captures the dramatic confrontations that transformed the University of Alabama into a proving ground for the civil rights movement and gave the nation unforgettable symbols for its struggle to achieve racial justice.

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